当前位置:肿瘤瞭望>资讯>快讯>正文

IASLC呼吁在癌症临床试验中记录烟草使用

作者:肿瘤瞭望   日期:2024/1/3 16:52:41  浏览量:4515

肿瘤瞭望版权所有,谢绝任何形式转载,侵犯版权者必予法律追究。

近年来,越来越多的人意识到烟草使用对癌症患者临床结局有负面影响。2014年美国卫生总监(US Surgeon General)的报告汇总了令人信服的证据,表明癌症患者和幸存者吸烟会导致不良结局,包括全因死亡率、癌症特异性死亡率和第二原发癌风险增加[1]。该报告进一步表明,持续吸烟与较高的癌症治疗毒性风险和较差的生活质量密切相关。现在有证据表明,癌症诊断后戒烟与生存期改善相关[2,3]。

近年来,越来越多的人意识到烟草使用对癌症患者临床结局有负面影响。2014年美国卫生总监(US Surgeon General)的报告汇总了令人信服的证据,表明癌症患者和幸存者吸烟会导致不良结局,包括全因死亡率、癌症特异性死亡率和第二原发癌风险增加[1]。该报告进一步表明,持续吸烟与较高的癌症治疗毒性风险和较差的生活质量密切相关。现在有证据表明,癌症诊断后戒烟与生存期改善相关[2,3]

烟草使用可影响患者预后,具有预测性价值。在接受手术的肺癌患者中,有证据表明吸烟可导致更频繁的术后并发症以及提高围手术期死亡率[4,5]。对于接受放疗的患者,吸烟增加治疗相关毒性发生的风险[6],因组织氧水平较低导致疗效较差[7]。对于接受化疗或分子靶向药物全身性治疗的患者,有证据表明使用烟草会减少骨髓抑制[8]和/或降低肿瘤应答[9],这提示烟草烟雾中的多环芳烃对肝酶的诱导可提高这些药物的清除率,从而降低其疗效[10,11],另一方面,与无吸烟史的患者相比,有吸烟史的患者似乎从免疫检查点抑制剂(ICI)治疗中获益较大[12]
评估烟草使用对临床结局影响的研究发现,烟草使用对目前临床应用的全身性治疗药物的影响尚未得到全面阐述[13]。尽管如此,现有证据表明,在评估新型癌症疗法的疗效时,吸烟可能是一个应考虑的重要预测因素。我们需要通过进一步研究来阐明癌症诊断后继续吸烟的影响,对于继续吸烟的癌症患者,指导最佳治疗的选择,并确定戒烟所产生的临床获益大小[14]。
据称,相对于吸可燃烟草制品而言,较新的替代烟草制品(包括电子烟和加热烟草制品)的健康风险较低。然而,关于它们对健康的长期影响(包括患肺癌的风险)以及它们对治疗结果的影响,目前尚无数据。为了确定使用替代烟草制品与癌症风险之间的潜在关联及其对癌症治疗结局的影响,有必要收集癌症治疗试验中使用替代烟草制品的数据[15]
大量综述表明,只有约20%的试验在患者注册时记录了吸烟状况,很少有试验在整个试验过程中记录了吸烟状况[16,17]。此外,吸烟状态(当前、既往和从未吸烟)的定义不一致,很少有试验收集有关吸烟强度的信息[18]。即使吸烟状况已经确定,也很少有试验分析吸烟对临床结局中的患者预后影响,以及吸烟对临床结局的预测性影响[19]
吸烟显然会影响患者的生存期以及癌症治疗的毒性,而这些终点是几乎所有临床试验的主要或次要研究终点。因此,在临床试验中,收集和分析吸烟信息以准确评估其对癌症治疗的利弊至关重要[20]
为了提高大家对烟草烟雾在癌症临床试验中的影响的认识,IASLC建议使用经过验证的癌症患者烟草使用问卷(C-TUQ)中的标准化定义[21],记录癌症诊断和临床试验注册时的烟草使用状况。
IASLC呼吁临床试验研究人员:
对于曾经使用过烟草制品的人,在临床试验期间定期记录使用烟草制品(包括电子烟和加热烟草制品)的情况。
记录患者在临床试验过程中使用的任何戒烟方法及其效果。
尽可能使用生化指标检查患者的吸烟状态。
分析烟草使用对临床试验结局的影响,这些临床试验结局包括肿瘤缓解率、无进展生存期和总生存期、治疗相关毒性、不良事件、对试验程序的依从性和生活质量。
参考文献:(滑动查看)
1. US DHHS. The Health Consequences of Smoking – 50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2014.
2. US DHHS. Smoking Cessation: A Report of the Surgeon General. 2020, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health: Atlanta, GA.
3. Caini S, Del Riccio M, Vettori V, Scotti V, Martinoli C, Raimondi S, Cammarata G, Palli D, Banini M, Masala G, Gandini S. Quitting smoking at or around diagnosis improves the overall survival of lung cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thorac Oncol 2022 May; 17 (5):623-636. doi: 10. 1016/j.jtho.2021.12.005. Epub 2022 Jan4. PMID: 34995798.
4. Fukui M, Suzuki K, Matsunaga T, Oh S, Takamochi K. Importance of Smoking Cessation on Surgical Outcome in Primary Lung Cancer. Ann Thorac Surg. 2019 Apr;107(4):1005-1009. Doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.12.002. Epub 2019 Jan 2. PMID: 30610851.
5. Jeganathan V, Knight S, Bricknell M, Ridgers A, Wong R, Brazzale DJ, Ruehland WR, Rahman MA, Leong TL, McDonald CF. Impact of smoking status and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on pulmonary complications post lung cancer surgery. PLoS One. 2022 Mar 29;17(3): e0266052. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266052. PMID: 35349598; PMCID: PMC8963579.
6. Perdyan, A, Jassem, J. Impact of tobacco smoking on outcomes of radiotherapy: a narrative review. Curr Oncol 2022; 29,2284-2300.  https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29040186.
7. Hoff CM, Grau C, Overgaard J. Effect of smoking on oxygen delivery and outcome in patients treated with radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma–a prospective study. Radiother Oncol 2012 Apr;103(1):38-44. https://doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2012.01.011. Epub 2012 Mar 3. PMID: 22385797.
8. O’Malley M, Healy P, Daignault S, Ramnath N. Cigarette smoking and gemcitabine-induced neutropenia in advanced solid tumors. Oncology 2013; 85:216–222.
9. Shepherd FA, Pereira JR, Ciuleanu T, Tan EH, Hirsh V, Thongprasert S, Campos D, Maoleekoonpiroj S, Smylie M, Martins R, van Kooten M, Dediu M, Findlay B, Tu D, Johnston D, Bezjak A, Clark G, Santabarbara P, Seymour L for the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Erolinib in previously treated non-small cell lung cancer. NEJM 2005; 353: 123-132.
10. O’Malley M, King AN, Conte M, Ellingrod VL, Ramnath N. Effects of cigarette smoking on metabolism and effectiveness of systemic therapy for lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2014; 9:917–926.
11. Chellappan S. Smoking cessation after cancer diagnosis and enhanced therapy response: mechanisms and significance. Curr Oncol 2022; 29: 9956-9969. https://doi.org/10.3090/curroncol29120782.
12. Corke LK, Li JJN, Leighl NB, Eng L Tobacco use and response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Curr Oncol 2022; 29: 6260-6276.  https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29090492.
13. Land SR, Methodologic barriers to addressing critical questions about tobacco and cancer prognosis. J Clin Oncol, 2012;30(17):2030-2032.
14. Peters EN, Torres E, Toll BA, Cummings KM, Gritz ER, Hyland A, Herbst RS,  Marshall JR, Warren GW. Tobacco Assessment in Actively Accruing National Cancer Institute Cooperative Group Program Clinical Trials. J Clin Oncol 2012 Aug 10;30(23):2869-2875. https://doi:10.1200/JCO.2011.40.8815. Epub 2012 Jun 11.
15. Goniewicz ML. Chapter 6: Alternative Nicotine Delivery System. Pages 157-175. In: Tobacco and Cancer: The Science and the Story. Eds. Hecht SS and Hatsukami DK (University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA). World Scientific Publishing. New Jersey, USA [2022].
16. Peters EN, Warren GW, Sloan JA, Marshall JR. Tobacco assessment in completed lung cancer treatment trials. Cancer 2016; 122(21): 3260-3262.
17. Eng L, Brual J, Nagee A, Mok S, Fazelzad R, Chaiton M, Saunders DP, Mittman N, Truscott R, Liu G, Bradbury PA, Evans WK, Papadakos J, Giuliani ME. Reporting of tobacco use and tobacco-related analyses in cancer cooperative group clinical trials: a systematic scoping review. ESMO Open. 2022 Dec;7(6):100605. Doi: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100605. Epub 2022 Nov 7. PMID: 36356412; PMCID: PMC9646674.
18. Land SR, Waren GW, Crafts JI, Hatsukami DK, Ostroff JS, Willis GB, Cholette VY, Mitchell SA, Folz JNM, Gulley JL, Szabo E, Brandon TH, Duffy SA, Toll BA. Cognitive testing of tobacco use items for administration to patients with cancer and cancer survivors in clinical research. Cancer 2016; 122(11): 1728-34.
19. Land SR, Toll BA, Moinpour CM, Mitchell SA, Ostroff JS, Hatsukami DK, Duffy SA, Gritz ER, Rigotti NA, Brandon TH, Prindivilli SA, Sarna LP, Schnoll RA, Herbst RS, Cinciripini PM, Leischow SJ, Dresler CM, Fiore MC, Warren GW. Research Priorities, Measures, and Recommendations for Assessment of Tobacco Use in Clinical Cancer Research. Clin Cancer Res, 2016; 22(8): 1907-13.
20. Warren GW, Evans WK, Dresler C. Critical Determinants of Cancer Treatment Outcomes: Smoking Must Be Addressed at the Highest Levels in Cancer Care. J Thorac Oncol. 2021 Jun;16(6):891-893. doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.03.010. Epub 2021 Apr 22. PMID: 33895106.
21. National Cancer institute, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Behavioural Research Program. Assessing cancer patient tobacco use. Available at: https://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/brp/tcrb/cancer-patient-tobacco-use

版面编辑:高金转  责任编辑:张彩琴

本内容仅供医学专业人士参考


癌症临床试验,烟草

分享到: 更多